Andrew Landers Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Andrew Landers Project - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that music is the air we breathe and the water in our rivers. Listening to music that is different then what we would normally listen to is important to expand our knowledge and to learn appreciation. The researcher states that Andrew Landers is a musician who writes his own music and practices a mixture of folk and blues with a percussive approach that leads one into the music and works hard to keep them from leaving. On his website, he writes that he loves hot wings and his â€Å"hot† wife. He goes on to describe his family of 5 boys and one Cinderella and then partially describes his playing style and what he uses to play. In this case, he works specifically with acoustic guitars and depending on the venue or his mood he will use one of three that he has. (Landers) Influences for his music range from Johnny Cash to Jack Johnson and his music does have a very Jack Johnson vibe to it. This essay discusses that this group the Andrew Landers Project also includes a talented pianist Matt Podschweit. A little more background would be nice, however, given what he sings about and how he approaches the audience says as much or more than a bio ever could. The concert had more than just these two involved though this is their normal retinue. Unfortunately, I do not recall the other names involved at the concert as the musical experience made it easy to forget the introductions. Music Type Folksy blues music is not always easily understood. Folk music can be defined as music from the mouth, singing music. And is a popular approach to music around the world. With some musical accompaniment the individuals sing stories and tales. Blues is a music form that originated with the African Americans in the United States, it is a form of music used to convey the hardships and passion experienced by them and is commonly seen as an evolution of the West African musical approach. (The blues 1) The mixture of folk and blues brings an earthy sense to the drifting, haunting musical qualities that make blues popular. The Andrew Landers project does a very good job of bringing the music together with the message and ensures a pleasurable experience and with a true blues approach. With every new song it becomes apparent that his musical styling’s are very much influenced by the popular Jack Johnson who is also a master at using music to tell a story we can all relate to. Location and time of concert The concert itself was February the 4th 2011 at the Redstone Room in Davenport Iowa. This venue is located on the second floor of the not-for-profit River Music Experience building and allows seating of 250 persons. (Redstone Room 1) The Redstone Room allows a very intimate approach to music and is a perfect venue for a folk/blues musician such as the Andrew Landers experience. The concert itself was a great mix of intimacy and tonal qualities that made it difficult to leave when it was over. In looking back it seems that if he was in a larger venue it may be easy to lose the genuine feeling his music and approach allows in this much smaller yet still classy environment. If you are a music lover and have a chance to stop in Davenport Iowa make sure you check out one of the acts at the Redstone Room, it is an experience that cannot be duplicated regardless of your experience. With a great coffee shop in the ground floor and some refreshments available it made it an all-around beautiful experience. Personal observations and opinions The song â€Å"A son of a preacher man which I resemble† was played and it immediately garnered my attention. As he sings through the tonal lyrics the accompanying guitar work makes it difficult to turn away. The lyrics themselves were light enough to easily enjoy and still put a deep message across,

Teamwork Essay Example for Free

Teamwork Essay Andrew Carnegie – a famous businessman, the King of Steel once said â€Å" Teamwork is the ability to work together toward a common vision. The ability to direct individual accomplishments toward organizational objectives. It is the fuel that allows common people to attain uncommon results †. Some people like to work independently, while others would prefer to work in a team. Is it more important to be able to work with a team or to work independently? Depending upon different personal traits and working environment, people will have different answers to this question. However, working as a group to complete an assignment and working alone to complete the assignment seem totally opposite. One obvious difference is working method. When you work alone, you can do everything in your own way. You can work independently without having to depend on other peoples opinions. Moreover, you have to make a clear plan for your work as well as arrange your time to finish the assignment logically to achieve the best performance. In contrast, when you work in groups, work will be assigned specificly to team members, each member takes a different job. Team work requires effort of all members, if a member doesn’t accomplish his job well, it will affect the work of all group. Each member oneself should understand that one person is a part of team but not separate individual. In addition, helping each other to complete progress of work is necessary though that task is not belonging to one’s job. The final result is all team’s efforts. Therefore, teamwork requires all member must have a sense of responsibility for their work. The second difference is working result. Admittedly, working in groups will much more efficient than working individually. The most effective team are able to solve complex problems more easily than one person can, for many capable minds are brought to bear on an issue. Having a team involved in a certain task is more productive than assigning it to only 1 person. Together, they can brainstorm their ideas and discuss the possible outcomes of each. Two heads are better than one. A group working in tandem will always provide better, faster results than an individual working alone. An other importance difference is your benefit when you choose to work in groups or work alone. When you work alone, you can improve your dependence because no one can help you. According to team work, you can learn many merits from others and improve your disadvantages. Some people have a great attitude to solve many difficult problems, like patience and honor. Additionally, when you work in a group, you also have a chance to express your ideas and have the comment from others. It’s the good way to improve your presentation skills and certainly your knowledge also. That is why Henry Ford rightly said â€Å"Coming together is a beginning. Keeping together is progress. Working together is success†. In summary, although teamwork and individual work have something different, these two skills are always important to us. Having work independent skill, you always gain initiative and make yourself decision in your work or own life. Meanwhile the teamwork skill help the team collect original various ideas from different individuals and finally reap the fruit, especially you also learn useful experiences from other members. In order to live and work well, the above skills are two practical and effective.

Corporate Accountability CRP :: essays research papers

Philosophy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Corporate Accountability   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Corporate accountability is an important subject in today’s society, in reading â€Å"Corporate Culpability Under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines,† by Jennifer Moore it is obvious that she feels very strongly that corporations are not being held accountable for their actions. Jennifer argues that employees are often blamed for their actions, but are simply complying with their job. This is very insightful, and I find it very hard to disagree with her logic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  She starts her argument by rejecting the idea that â€Å"it is sometimes difficult to locate the specific corporate agents responsible for a criminal act (171).† The rejection is not meant to infer that it is always easy to find the person at blame, but simply that this point has to do with prosecutors evidence and not the philosophical issue. Jennifer believes that because responsibility is spread throughout many different areas in the corporation, and decisions follow the same path, â€Å"there may in fact be no individual or group of individuals that is â€Å"justly to blame† for the crime (171).† The idea that many of us notice everyday, in many cases we as employees act blindly in accordance with policy, not exerting any control over the situations, and can therefore not be held accountable. In this respect the corporation is to be held accountable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From my viewpoint, while I represent the company during work hours, and the company reaps the benefits of my good nature, they should also bear the responsibility of my actions. If I treat a customer rudely, the customer treats that as an indication of my character, and a reflection on the company. When a person enters employment with a certain company, that company is accepting responsibility for actions taken by the employee that are in accordance with company policy. The corporation should be held responsible by the government, while the corporation should hold it’s own employees responsible for their own actions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In response to the idea of a corporate responsibility, not an individual’s, many argue that if the corporation is not a person, how can it be held to the same moral guidelines as an individual? After all, don’t people make the decisions, and those same people make up the corporations, and should therefore be held accountable. This theory does not exclude the possibility of upper management being held responsible; rather it includes it for the sake of the company’s survival.

Growth Monitoring Of Preterm Infants Health And Social Care Essay

Monitoring growing is of import in preterm babies as they are at a high hazard for postpartum growing limitation and impaired long term growing and neurodevelopment. In the absence of better charts, intrauterine growing charts recommended by taking professional pediatric administrations can be used for supervising the growing of preterm babies. The purpose when caring for preterm babies is to at least fit the growing speed from published best postpartum growing charts and strive towards making ideal growing speeds from intrauterine growing charts. The Fenton chart appears to be suited for supervising growing of preterm babies during their stay in the neonatal intensive attention unit ( NICU ) . Recently, Fenton charts have been updated utilizing the WHO 2006 charts for the 40-50 hebdomads ‘ station construct age group. Once a post-conception age of 40 hebdomads is reached, the WHO 2006 growing charts can be used for supervising on-going growing. The on-going â€Å" Intergrowth -21st survey † has the possible to get the better of the lacks of all current growing charts. It will enable the constitution of normative growing charts for supervising the growing of preterm babies during and beyond their NICU stay into early childhood. Care should be taken to avoid inordinate gimmick up growing which is associated with increased hazard of diabetes, high blood pressure, and fleshiness in ulterior life.Key pointsGrowth charts are indispensable for dei ¬?ning wellness and nutritionary position and early sensing and direction of growing upsets in babies and kids. Growth monitoring is particularly of import in preterm babies as they are at a high hazard for postpartum growing limitation and impaired long term growing and neurodevelopment. A ‘standard ‘ chart that represents the ideal healthy growing of a population is normative whereas a ‘reference ‘ chart that describes the population without doing claims about the wellness of its sample is descriptive in nature. In the absence of ideal growing charts, intrauterine growing charts are considered suited for supervising the growing of preterm babies until they reach term. In the absence of ideal charts, the WHO 2006 growing charts may be used for supervising the growing of ex-preterm babies. The International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium survey is designed to bring forth a set of international criterions ( normative charts for foetal growing, birth weight for gestational age and postpartum growing of preterm babies ) for clinical applications and supervising tendencies in populations. Perturbations in wellness and nutrition, irrespective of their aetiology, about ever affect growing ( 1 ) . Hence, growing appraisal utilizing growing charts is a utile tool for dei ¬?ning wellness and nutritionary position in kids ( 2 ) . Growth monitoring helps to better nutrition, educate the attention givers, and enables early sensing and referral for conditions manifested by growing upsets ( 3 ) . The most common measurings for measuring growing are weight, length/height, caput perimeter and organic structure mass index. Growth monitoring of preterm babies is even more of import because, as described below, many surveies have shown that ( a ) preterm babies suffer from postpartum growing limitation and ( B ) postnatal growing limitation is associated with long term inauspicious neurodevelopmental results.1. Preterm babies suffer from postpartum growing limitation:1.1 In a retrospective longitudinal cohort survey, Horemuzova et Al ( Sweden ) evaluated the physical growing of al l babies born before 26+0 hebdomads of gestation and lasting to full-term age ( n=162 ) , admitted to the NICU of Karolinska Hospital between January 1990 and December 2002 ( 4 ) . Body weight was recorded daily, caput perimeter ( HC ) hebdomadally and length twice a month. The bulk of the babies showed a marked postpartum growing limitation for all growing variables with increasing divergence from the mention with age. At discharge from NICU, 75 % of those initially appropriate for gestational age ( AGA ) babies were below -2 standard divergence tonss for at least one of the organic structure size variables ( 4 ) . 1.2 In a retrospective cohort survey ( 5 ) , 101 kids with a BW a†°Ã‚ ¤ 750g, born between 1996 and 2005 in the University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands, were followed until 5.5 old ages. Height, weight, occipital-frontal perimeter at birth, 15 months and 2 old ages corrected age and 3.5 and 5.5 old ages were measured. Between birth and 5.5 old ages catch-up growing in tallness, weight for tallness, weight and OFC was seen in 72.2 % , 55.2 % , 28.6 % and 68.9 % severally of the little for gestational age ( SGA ) babies. For AGA babies they found significant catch-down growing in tallness ( 15.4 % ) and weight ( 33.8 % ) .2. Physical growing and neurodevelopmental results in preterm babies:2.1. Association between postpartum growing during NICU stay and neurodevelopmental results:1. Ehrenkranz et Al. ( USA, 2006 ) ( 6 ) assessed the prognostic value of in-hospital growing speed on neurodevelopmental and growing results at 18-22 months post-conceptional age among highly low bi rth weight ( ELBW ) babies ( 501-1000 g ) . Of the 600 discharged babies, 495 ( 83 % ) were evaluated at a corrected age ( CA ) of 18-22 months. As the rate of weight addition increased from 12.0 to 21.2 g/kg per twenty-four hours, there was lessening in the incidence of intellectual paralysis, Mental Developmental Index ( MDI ) & lt ; 70 and Psychomotor Developmental Index ( PDI ) & lt ; 70 on Bayley Scale of Infant Development ( BSID ) , unnatural neurologic scrutiny, neurodevelopmental damage, and need for rehospitalisation. Similar i ¬?ndings were observed in relation to the rate of caput perimeter growing. They concluded that the growing speed during an ELBW baby ‘s NICU hospitalization exerts a signii ¬?cant and perchance independent consequence on neurodevelopmental and growing results at 18-22 months of CA. 2. Franz ( Germany, 2009 ) ( 7 ) et al evaluated the neurological results of a sum of 219 of 263 ( 83 % ) long-run subsisters at a average corrected age of 5.4 old ages. Increasing SD tonss for weight and caput perimeter from birth to dispatch were associated with a reduced hazard for an unnatural neurologic scrutiny. 3. Shah et Al ( 8 ) ( Canada, 2006 ) aimed to place step of postpartum growing failure associated with long-run result in preterm babies born at & lt ; 28 hebdomads ‘ gestation. Four steps of specifying postpartum growing failure at 36 hebdomads corrected gestational age: ( 1 ) weight & lt ; 10th centile, ( 2 ) weight & lt ; 3rd centile, ( 3 ) omega mark difference from birth & gt ; 1 and, ( 4 ) omega mark difference from birth & gt ; 2 ; were compared for their prognostic values and strength of association with inauspicious neurodevelopmental results at 18-24 months. Postnatal growing failure defined as a lessening in omega mark of & gt ; 2 between birth and 36 hebdomads corrected gestational age had the best prognostic values compared to other postpartum growing failure steps. However, it was significantly associated with PDI ( p=0.006 ) but non with MDI ( p=0.379 ) . Postnatal growing failure defined by omega mark alteration influenced psychomotor but non mental undertakings in this cohort.2.2. Association between post-discharge growing and neurodevelopmental results in preterm babies:1 ) Ramel et Al ( USA, 2012 ) ( 9 ) reported that pre- and post-discharge additive growing suppression in really low birth weight ( VLBW: Birth weight & lt ; 1500g ) babies was negatively associated with developmental results at 24 months CA. In their retrospective survey, weight, accumbent length and caput perimeter were recorded at birth, infirmary discharge and at 4, 12 and 24 months CA in 62 VLBW babies. Standardized Z-scores for weight ( WZ ) , length ( LZ ) and caput perimeter ( HCZ ) were calculated. Twenty-four-month neurodevelopmental map was analysed as a map of growing position. Controling for WZ and HCZ at each age, lower LZ at 4 and 12 months CA was associated with lower cognitive map tonss at 24 months CA ( p a†°Ã‚ ¤ 0.03 ) . 2 ) Ghods et Al ( 10 ) ( Austria, 2011 ) conducted a retrospective cohort survey to find whether caput perimeter ( HC ) catch-up is associated with improved neurocognitive development. 179 preterm really low birth weight ( VLBW ) ( Birth weight a†°Ã‚ ¤1500 g ) babies were followed to the age of 5.5 old ages. The association between HC catch-up and neurodevelopmental result was assessed and perinatal hazard factors, infant features and nutritionary patterns associated with HC catch-up were determined. HC catch-up occurred in 59 ( 34 % ) babies and was positively correlated with neurodevelopmental result. They concluded that among preterm VLBW babies, there is a close relation between HC growing and neurodevelopmental result. 3 ) Powers et Al ( 11 ) ( USA, 2008 ) assessed the post-discharge growing and developmental advancement of 135 VLBW preterm babies in a preponderantly Latino population and reported that failure to boom and microcephaly increased neurodevelopmental damage hazard at 3 old ages of age regardless of gestational age. 4 ) Kan et Al ( Australia, 2008 ) ( 12 ) aimed to find the associations between weight and caput perimeter, at birth and postnatally, with cognitive, academic and motor results at age 8 old ages for really preterm kids free of neurosensory damage. 179 really preterm babies ( gestational age & lt ; 28 hebdomads ) born in 1991 and 1992 who were free of neurosensory damage were included in the survey. At 8 old ages of age kids had cognitive, academic and motor appraisals. Weight and caput perimeter informations were collected at birth, at the clip of discharge ( weight merely ) , at 2 old ages of age and at 8 old ages of age, and growing limitation was calculated utilizing Z-scores ( standard divergence tonss ) relative to the expected mean for age utilizing the British 1990 growing mention charts ( 13 ) . Weight at any age was largely unrelated to any results. While caput perimeter at birth was non related to school-aged results, smaller caput perimeters at ages 2 and 8 old ages were a ssociated with poorer public presentation in most outcome steps. Catch-up growing in weight in early childhood was non associated with 8-year results. 5 ) Latal-Hajnal ( Switzerland, 2003 ) ( 14 ) studied the significance of growing position at birth and postpartum growing on neurodevelopmental result in VLBW babies. Growth and neurodevelopment were examined in 219 VLBW ( & lt ; 1250 g ) kids, 94 little for gestational age ( SGA ) ( & lt ; 10th percentile ) and 125 appropriate for gestational age ( AGA ) ( & gt ; 10th percentile ) . Result at age 2 was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development MDI, PDI and a standardised neurologic scrutiny. After accommodation for carbon monoxide variables including intellectual paralysis ( CP ) , SGA kids with weight & lt ; 10th percentile at age 2 had lower mean PDI than SGA kids with catch-up growing to burden & gt ; 10th percentile ( average [ SD ] , 89.9 [ 17.4 ] versus 101.8 [ 14.5 ] ; p & lt ; .001 ) . AGA kids with catch-down growing ( weight & lt ; 10th percentile at age 2 ) were, independent of CP, more likely to hold lower mean MDI ( 94.9 V 101.7, p=.05 ) and PDI ( 81.9 vs 9 5.1 ; P & lt ; .001 ) than AGA kids staying & gt ; 10th percentile at age 2. They besides more often had terrible CP ( 22.9 % vs 1.2 % ; p=.008 ) . They concluded that in VLBW kids, the class of postpartum growing instead than the rightness of weight for gestational age at birth determines later neurodevelopmental result. 6 ) Casey et Al ( USA, 2006 ) ( 15 ) assessed the 8-year growing, cognitive, behavioral position, wellness position, and academic accomplishment in low birth weight preterm babies who had failure to boom merely, were SGA merely, had failure to thrive plus were SGA, or had normal growing. A sum of 985 babies received standardised ratings to age 8 ; 180 babies met the standards for failure to boom between 4 and 36 months ‘ gestational corrected age. The undermentioned result variables were collected at age 8: growing, cognitive, behavioral position, wellness position, and academic accomplishment. Multivariate analyses were performed among the 4 growing groups on all 8-year result variables. Children who both were SGA and had failure to boom were the smallest in all growing variables at age 8, and they besides demonstrated the lowest cognitive and academic accomplishment tonss. The kids with failure to boom merely were significantly smaller than the kids with normal growing in all growing variables and had significantly lower IQ tonss. Those who were SGA merely did non differ from those with normal growing in any cognitive or academic accomplishment steps. There were no differences among the 4 groups in behavioral position or general wellness position. They concluded that low birth weight preterm babies who develop postpartum growing jobs, peculiarly when associated with antenatal growing jobs, show lower physical size, cognitive tonss, and academic accomplishment at age 8 old ages.3. Types of growing chartsA ‘standard ‘ chart represents the ideal healthy growing of a population and hence is of normative nature. To deduce such ideal healthy growing charts, the survey population should be from a cohort of babies born to healthy female parents with unsophisticated gestation and bringing. In add-on, the survey babies should be raised under optimum environmental conditions including breastfeeding, immunizations and follow recommended dietetic pattern s. The survey babies should be free from any disease that could impede growing. Longitudinal follow up and measuring of anthropometry of such babies will assist deduce the ‘standard ‘ growing charts which will be of normative nature. The WHO 2006 growing charts ( term babies ) are standard growing charts. In contrast, a ‘reference ‘ chart describes the population without doing claims about the wellness of its sample and hence is descriptive in nature ( 16-18 ) ( Table 1 ) . The ‘reference ‘ charts are derived by mensurating the anthropometry of a sample of babies and kids at assorted ages and plotting them on graph. The sample is therefore cross-sectional instead than longitudinal. In add-on, wellness of the kids in the survey population is non taken into consideration. Majority of the presently available growing charts in full term babies and kids are mention ‘charts ‘ .4. Types of growing charts presently available for preterm babies during stay in the neonatal unit.4.1. Standard charts:At present, there are no normative criterion growing charts available for preterm babies. Theoretically talking, babies born prematurely should go on to turn at intrauterine rates until they reach term. The American Academy of Pediatrics ( 17 ) and Canadian Pediatr ic society ( 18 ) recommend intra uterine growing rates as the ideal growing of preterm babies.4.1.1. Considered being, but non truly â€Å" intra uterine growing † charts ( Table 2 )There are more than 25 surveies describing on ‘intrauterine growing charts ‘ . These have been best summarized by Karna et Al ( 19 ) . Until late, Lubchenko ( 1963 ) ( 20 ) and Babson/Benda ( 1976 ) ( 21 ) charts were normally used in many neonatal units around the universe. Fenton et Al ( 22 ) updated the Babson and Benda growing charts to develop modern-day ‘intrauterine growing charts ‘ . Using predetermined standards, three recent big population based studies of birth weight for gestational age were identified. The Canadian survey by Kramer ( 23 ) which had a sample size of 676,605 babies delivered between 22 to 43 hebdomads was used for updating the intrauterine weight subdivision. Two big surveies from Sweden ( 24 ) and Australia ( 25 ) were used to update the intrauterine caput perimeter and length subdivision. The informations were averaged together utilizing a leaden norm based on entire sample size to deduce the 3rd, 10th, 50th, 95th and 97th percentiles and make one growing chart. CDC 2000 growing charts were used to bring forth the growing charts from corrected gestation of 40 hebdomads ahead . The Fenton chart appears to be utile in supervising the growing of preterm babies during their NICU stay. It is used by many North American, European and Australian Centres. Recently Olsen et Als have published growing charts for New intrauterine growing charts based on United States informations ( 26 ) and it will be utile if Fenton charts are updated integrating this new information from USA. The latest updated Fenton charts have used WHO 2006 growing charts alternatively of CDC 2000 charts to bring forth growing charts from post-conceptional age of 40 hebdomads until 10 hebdomads post term ( personal communicating with Tanis Fenton ) . Built-in issues with intrauterine growing charts: Even though they are called â€Å" intrauterine † charts, they are in fact cross sectional informations derived from anthropometry measured at birth on preterm babies delivered at assorted gestations. It is good known that foetuss delivered prematurely may non hold reached full growing possible due assorted maternal/fetal morbidities and therefore make non reflect the â€Å" ideal † growing. Besides, these charts do non take into consideration, the normal 5-8 % weight loss that occurs in healthy preterm babies in the first hebdomad of life.4.1.2 ‘Fetal growing charts ‘ ( Table 2 )Strictly talking, merely charts derived from longitudinal surveies should be called growing charts, growing being a procedure extended over clip ( 27 ) . Hence it may look logical that ideal ‘intrauterine growing charts ‘ should be derived from consecutive and longitudinal appraisal of physical parametric quantities of we ight, length and caput perimeter utilizing foetal ultrasound technique ( 28 ) . However, the drawback of this method is that foetal ultrasound is non really accurate in foretelling the foetal weight. A systematic reappraisal which analysed informations from 58 articles over 28 old ages found broad variableness in diagnostic truth of ultrasound scrutiny in foretelling the foetal weight. Overall merely 62 % ( 8895/14,384 ) of the sonographic anticipations were within 10 % of the existent weight. The truth was affected significantly by the clip interval between scrutiny and bringing, individual making the echography ( registered diagnostic medical sonographers had better truth than doctors or occupants ) , and the gestation at appraisal ( assessment closer to term were more accurate compared to preterm patients ) ( 29 ) . Another systematic reappraisal came to similar decisions. The referees searched four of import databases ( MEDLINE, EMBASE, ZETOC, and The Cochrane Library ) . Studies including the appraisal of foetal weight by 11 different research groups utilizing different expressions were included in the reappraisal. No preferable method for the ultrasound appraisal of foetal weight emerged from their reappraisal. They found that the size of the random mistakes was rather broad, with 95 % assurance intervals transcending 14 % of birth weight in all surveies. They concluded that the truth of EFW utilizing foetal ultrasound is compromised by big intra- and inter-observer variableness and attempts must be made to understate this variableness if EFW is to be clinically utile ( 30 ) . In add-on, maternal morbidities can ensue in foetal growing limitation, which in bend can ensue in non- ideal growing charts. In position of such restrictions, foetal weight charts derived from the presently available u ltrasound engineering may non be appropriate for usage as ideal postpartum growing of preterm babies. In position of such restrictions, foetal weight curves derived from the presently available ultrasound engineering are non appropriate for usage as ideal postpartum growing of preterm babies. However, recent progresss in engineering have resulted in more frequent usage of 3-D ultrasound for foetal biometrics measurings. Chan et Al. ( 2009 ) in a prospective survey compared the inter- and intra-observer fluctuation of foetal biometric measurings using planar ( 2D ) and 3-dimensional ( 3D ) ultrasound imagination ( 31 ) . Three braces of physicians trained in echography evaluated singleton gestations in the mid-trimester. Measurements of the biparietal diameter ( BPD ) , head perimeter ( HC ) , abdominal perimeter ( AC ) , and femur length ( FL ) were taken in extra by each physician utilizing 2D imagination and so once more utilizing 3D volume informations sets. Each set of mated phy sicians evaluated 12 patients. Inter- and intra-observer fluctuations were calculated as the SD of the difference between paired measurings performed by the physician braces and by the single physicians, severally. Bland-Altman secret plans were used to visually compare measurement prejudice and understanding by 2D and 3D methods. The intra-observer fluctuation of HC, AC, and FL was significantly lower for 3D compared with 2D ultrasound. Inter-observer fluctuation was non significantly different when measured with 2D and 3D ultrasound, with the exclusion of FL, which was lower when measured with 3D ultrasound. They concluded that the usage of 3D ultrasound significantly reduces intra-observer fluctuation for HC, AC, and FL and reduces inter-observer fluctuation for FL ( 31 ) . Schild et Al. ( 2008 ) in a prospective cohort survey, obtained biometric informations of 150 singleton foetuss weighing a†°Ã‚ ¤1600 g at birth by sonographic scrutiny within 1 hebdomad before bringing ( 32 ) . Exclusion standards were multiple gestation, intrauterine decease every bit good as major structural or chromosomal anomalousnesss. Their new expression was compared with presently available equations for gauging weight in the preterm foetuss. They concluded that in foetuss weighing a†°Ã‚ ¤1600 g at birth, the new expression utilizing 3D ultrasound is superior to burden appraisal by traditional expression utilizing 2D measurings ( 32 ) . These informations indicate that 3D echography may hold the possible to be a more accurate step of foetal anthropometry than the traditional 2D ultrasounds. If these preliminary promising findings are proved correct in multiple big surveies, intrauterine growing curves derived from such method may hold the possible to be used as ideal growing curves for supervising preterm babies after birth.4.2 Postnatal ‘reference ‘ Growth charts ( Table 2 )Many mention charts that describe the existent longitudinal growing of preterm babie s during the class of their stay in the NICU have been published ( 33, 34 ) . If these mention charts are used to supervise the on-going growing of preterm babies, extra-uterine growing deceleration would be considered as normal. Hence they are non ideal for supervising the growing of preterm babies. However, these charts give an thought of what can be achieved with the available resources and bounds set by the morbidities of prematureness and can be used to compare the growing of preterm babies between different units.5. A note of cautiousness while taking to accomplish the perfect intrauterine growing ratesEven though the intra uterine growing charts may look idealistic ends, one needs to make up one's mind if it is truly executable and safe to achieve those parametric quantities. Any efforts to advance physical growing by aggressive enteric and parenteral nutrition may potentially harm the ill preterm baby. Rapid additions in enteric eating are known hazard factor for necrotising enterocolitis ( NEC ) ( 35 ) . In ELBW babies, higher fluid consumption and less weight loss during the first 10 yearss of life are associated with an increased hazard of decease and BPD ( 36, 37 ) . In add-on inordinate gimmick up growing in early neonatal period for may ensue in inauspicious cardiovascular results later in life. Finken et Al ( 38 ) and Euser et Al ( 39 ) found that in topics born really preterm, rapid babyhood weight addition until 3 months was associated with tendency towards higher insulin degrees at 19 old ages. They besides concluded that rapid weight addition in both babyhood and early childhood is a hazard factor for grownup adiposeness and fleshiness. Similar concerns have been raised by other research workers ( 40, 41 ) .6. Growth charts to supervise preterm babies from post-conception age of 40 hebdomads into early childhoodUntil late, many states used the growing charts released by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC 2000 ) for supervising the growing of term babies and kids. The same charts are normally used for ongoing growing monitoring of preterm babies after making station ideational age of 40 hebdomads. The built-in job with the CDC 2000 and similar charts is that they are ‘reference ‘ charts, which merely describe the sample population without doing any claims about the wellness of the sample. Because of assorted environmental and lifestyle influences, the prevalence of corpulence in kids and striplings has increased markedly over the past few decennaries. Hence, any new mention charts, which are derived from such population of fleshy kids, would accept these abnormally high weights-for-age as normal ( 42, 43 ) . Use of such charts would besides ensue in more kids being wrongly and often diagnosed as scraggy ensuing in unneeded nutritionary supplementation and may lend to fleshiness and associated morbidities. To some extent, the CDC 2000 growing charts addressed this by excepting the informations derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES ) III for kids 6 old ages of age for weight-for-age and organic structure mass index ( BMI ) – for-age charts. This was carried out because they had identified that compared with the NHANES II ( 1976-1980 ) , the NHANES III ( 1988-1994 ) kids were of higher weight-for-age ( 44 ) . Despite this accommodation, the 97th and the 99.9th percentile charts ( +2 and +3 z-scores ) are located really high on the CDC weight-for-age and BMI-for-age charts, intending that fewer corpulence and corpulent kids and striplings are identified as such because the norms have been raised. The lower centiles have besides been shifted upwards, taking to overestimate of under nutrition, and therefore advice taking to overfeeding ( 45 ) ; besides, safeguards that were taken by the CDC can non be confidently expected from countless figure of ‘reference ‘ charts which are being published on a regular basis from different states all over the universe. To get the better of the jobs built-in with ‘reference ‘ charts, with a complete alteration in doctrine, the World Health Organization ( WHO ) conducted the Multicentre Growth Reference Study ( MGRS ) in order to set up the ‘standard ‘ growing charts for kids between 0 and 6 old ages ( 46 ) . The MGRS was conducted between 1997 and 2003 in 6 states from diverse geographical parts: Brazil, Ghana, India, Norway, Oman and the United States. The survey combined a longitudinal followup of 882 babies from birth to 24 months with a cross-sectional constituent of 6669 kids aged 18-71 months. The survey populations lived in socioeconomic conditions favorable to growing. The single inclusion standards for the longitudinal constituent were: no known wellness or environmental restraints to growing, female parents willing to follow MGRS feeding recommendations ( i.e. sole or prevailing breastfeeding for at least 4 months, debut of complementary nutrients by 6 months of age and continued suckling to at least 12 months of age ) , no maternal smoke before and after bringing, single-term birth and absence of important morbidity. The eligibility standard for the cross-sectional constituent were the same as those for the longitudinal constituent with the exclusion of infant eating patterns. A lower limit of 3 months of any breastfeeding was required for participants in the survey ‘s cross-sectional constituent. Weight-for-age, length/height-for-age, weight-for-length/height and body mass index-for-age percentile and Z-score values were generated for male childs and misss aged 0-60 months. The pooled sample from the 6 take parting states allowed the development of a truly international mention. The criterions explicitly identify suckling as the biological norm and set up the breastfed kid as the normative theoretical account for growing and development. They besides demonstrate that healthy kids from around the universe who are raised in healthy envir onments and follow recommended eating patterns have strikingly similar forms of growing. In add-on, to set up ‘standard ‘ normative charts for older kids and striplings, the WHO reconstructed the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics ( NCHS ) /WHO growing mention utilizing state-of-the-art statistical methods. The 1977 growing mentions were used because they were from a population prior to the happening of the current epidemic of childhood fleshiness. These new charts were released by the WHO in 2007 for general usage ( 47 ) . These charts are recommendations for how kids should turn. More than 125 states including UK, USA, Canada and New Zealand have started utilizing the WHO growing charts for full term babies ( 48 ) . The full set of tabular arraies and charts are available on the WHO website ( www.who.int/childgrowth/en ) together with tools such as package and preparation stuffs. Since their publication, many surveies have shown the utility of WHO growing charts in foretelling fleshiness and other cardiovascular morbidities. De Onis et Al ( 49 ) examined the association between cardiovascular hazard and childhood corpulence and fleshiness utilizing the BMI cut-offs recommended by the WHO. Children were classified as normal weight, corpulence and corpulent harmonizing to the WHO BMI-for-age mention. Blood force per unit area, lipoids, glucose, insulin, homeostasis theoretical account assessment-insulin opposition ( HOMA-IR ) and uric acid degrees were compared across BMI groups. The topics were kids ( n 149 ) aged 8-18 old ages. About 37 % , 22 % and 41 % of kids were classified severally as normal weight, corpulence and corpulent. Corpulent kids were 10A ·6 times more likely than normal-weight kids to hold high blood pressure ; OR for other associations were 60A ·2 ( high insulin ) , 39A ·5 ( HOMA-IR ) , 27A ·9 ( TAG ) , 16A ·0 ( low HDL-cholesterol ) , 4A ·3 ( LDL-cholesterol ) and 3A ·6 ( uric acid ) . Fleshy kids were more likely than normal-weight kids to hold high blood pressure ( OR = 3A ·5 ) , high insulin ( OR = 28A ·2 ) , high HOMA-IR ( OR = 23A ·3 ) and high TAG ( OR = 16A ·1 ) . About 92 % and 57 % of the corpulent and fleshy kids, severally, had one or more hazard factor. They concluded that fleshiness and corpulence defined utilizing the WHO BMI-for-age cut-offs identified kids with higher metabolic and vascular hazard. Shields et Al ( 50 ) compared prevalence estimations of extra weight among Canadian kids and young person harmonizing to three sets of organic structure mass index ( BMI ) mention cut-points. The cut-points were based on growing curves generated by the WHO, the International Obesity Task Force ( IOTF ) , and the CDC ( USA ) . Prevalence estimations of corpulence and fleshiness were produced for 2- to 17-year-olds utilizing the three sets of BMI cut-points. Estimates were based on informations from 8661 respondents from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey and 1840 respondents from the 1978/79 Canada Health Survey. In both studies, the tallness and weight of kids were measured. They found that 2004 prevalence estimation for the combined overweight/obese class was higher ( 35 % ) when based on the WHO cut-points compared with the IOTF ( 26 % ) or CDC ( 28 % ) cut-points. Estimates of the prevalence of fleshiness were similar based on WHO and CDC cut-points ( 13 % ) , but lower whe n based on IOTF cut-points ( 8 % ) . In the absence of other ideal growing charts, it is appropriate to utilize the WHO growing charts to supervise the on-going growing of preterm babies after making post-conceptional age of 40 hebdomads.6.1 Evidence back uping the usage of WHO 2006 growing charts for supervising preterm babies after discharge ( Table 3 ) :Nash et Al ( 51 ) aimed to find whether the form of growing of really low birth weight ( VLBW ) babies during the first 2 old ages, assessed utilizing the WHO-GS or the traditional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mention growing charts ( CDC-RGC ) , is associated with neurodevelopment ( 51 ) . Pattern of weight, length, and caput perimeter addition of appropriate-for-gestation VLBW preterm babies ( n = 289 ) from birth to 18-24 months corrected age was classified, utilizing the WHO-GS and CDC-RGC, as sustained ( alteration in Z-score a†°Ã‚ ¤1 SD ) , decelerated ( diminution & gt ; 1 SD ) , or accelerated ( incline & gt ; 1 SD ) . Development was assessed utilizing the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development ( BSID ) -III at 18-24 months corrected age. Using the WHO-GS, kids with a decelerated form of weight addition had lower cognitive ( 10 points ) , linguistic communication ( 6 points ) , and motor ( 4 points ) tonss than babies with sustained weight addition ( p & lt ; 0.05 ) , even after accommodation for morbidities. No association was found utilizing the CDC-RGC. They concluded that a decelerated form of weight addition, determined with the WHO-GS, but non the CDC-GRC, is associated with poorer neurodevelopment tonss on the BSID-III than a form of sustained growing ( 51 ) . Belfort et Al ( 52 ) aimed to place sensitive periods of postpartum growing for preterm babies relative to neurodevelopment at 18 months ‘ corrected age. They studied 613 babies born at & lt ; 33 hebdomads ‘ gestation who participated in the DHA for Improvement of Neurodevelopmental Outcome ( DINO ) test. They calculated additive inclines of growing in weight, length, BMI, and caput perimeter from 1 hebdomad of age to term ( 40 hebdomads ‘ postmenstrual age ) , term to 4 months, and 4 to 12 months utilizing the WHO growing charts, and estimated their associations with Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 2nd Edition, MDI and PDI in additive arrested development. The average gestational age was 30 hebdomads. Mean A ± SD MDI was 94 A ± 16, and PDI was 93 A ± 16. From 1 hebdomad to term, greater weight addition ( 2.4 MDI points per omega mark [ 95 % assurance interval ( CI ) : 0.8-3.9 ] ; 2.7 PDI points [ 95 % CI: 1.2-.2 ] ) , BMI addition ( 1.7 MDI points [ 95 % CI: 0.4-3.1 ] ; 2.5 PDI points [ 95 % CI: 1.2-3.9 ] ) , and caput growing ( 1.4 MDI points [ 95 % CI: -0.0-2.8 ] ; 2.5 PDI points [ 95 % CI: 1.2-3.9 ] ) were associated with higher tonss. From term to 4 months, greater weight addition ( 1.7 points [ 95 % CI: 0.2-3.1 ] ) and additive growing ( 2.0 points [ 95 % CI: 0.7-3.2 ] ) were associated with higher PDI. From 4 to 12 months, none of the growing steps was associated with MDI or PDI mark. They concluded that in preterm babies, greater weight and BMI addition to term were associated with better neurodevelopmental results. After term, greater weight addition was besides associated with better results, but increasing weight out of proportion to length did non confabulate extra benefit.7. Future researchAs discussed above, neither â€Å" intrauterine growing charts † nor â€Å" foetal growing charts † nor â€Å" postpartum growing charts † are suited for supervising the growing of preterm babies till they become term. Similarly, CDC 2000 and WHO 2006 growing charts are besides non ideal for supervising the growing of ex-preterm babies. In order to set up normative growing charts, the Inter Growth 21st survey has been commenced by the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium ( 53, 54 ) . The end is to develop new â€Å" normative † criterions depicting normal foetal and preterm neonatal growing over clip and newborn nutritionary position, and to associate these to neonatal wellness hazard. The primary aim is to bring forth a set of international Fetal and Newborn Growth Standards ( foetal growing, birth weight for gestational age and postpartum growing of preterm babies ) for practical applications in clinical usage and for supervising tendencies in populations. The survey aims to enroll 4500 healthy adult females aged 18-35, who had regular catamenial rhythms and conceived spontaneously and do non hold major wellness issues and pattern healthy life styles. Study participant adult females are being recruited from 9 states across five continents. They undergo 6 scans in add-on to the initial dating scans. They are scheduled at 5 hebdomadal intervals: 14-18 hebdomads, 19-23 hebdomads, 24-28 hebdomads, 29-33weeks, 34-38 hebdomads and 39-42 hebdomads. Apart from the extra scans, they receive the standardised antenatal attention. Based on expected 9 % rate of prematureness, it is expected that around 360 babies would be born to these female parents ( 26-37 hebdomads gestation ) . Their longitudinal growing will be monitored for 8 months. This would include mensurating weight, length and caput perimeter every 2 hebdomads for the first eight hebdomads and so monthly until eight months after birth. Those enduring from decease or serious morbidities of prematureness such as NEC will be excluded. This will analyze will enable the derivation of normative intrauterine growing charts every bit good as postpartum growing charts from a diverse population across five continents.

Physics Lab Report Cooling Coffee Essay

Introduction: It is Saturday afternoon. You brew yourself a cup of coffee and are just about to pour cold milk into the coffee. The doorbell rings and you realize immediately that your friend needs your help for a few minutes this afternoon. If you want to have your coffee as warm as possible after you helped your friend, what would be wise to do? Should you pour the milk now, or after you come back? Or does it make no difference? I would like to add the milk into coffee after I come back. Because the hot coffee without milk will cool longer than the warm coffee with milk. Aim: To find out the relationship between the time at which the milk is added, and the final temperature of the coffee/milk mixture. Every minute the coffee was getting cooler (milk was getting warmer until the room temperature), but when we added the milk into coffee it started to cool more faster. Variables: Independent: Dependent: the coffee/ milk temperature dependents of the room temperature. Controlled: To control variables we can change hot coffee/water and milk every minute, or put hot coffee/ water into thermos and milk into object that has same temperature. Hypothesis: My hypothesis is that will be better if we won’t add milk into coffee( because it has a cooling effect), so the coffee will be hoter if we won’t add milk into it. Apparatus: 1. 250 ml beaker 2. 50 ml beaker 3. 100 ml 4. 50 ml measuring cylinder 5. thermometer 6. kettle 7. water cooler 8. stop watch 9. stirring rod Thermometer Diagram: Thermometer Hot Coffee (200 ml) Cold Milk (50 ml) Method: 1) Take 2 test tubes 2) In the first test tube pour milk 3) In the second one pour hot coffee/hot water. 4) Put thermometers into both test tube. 5) Measure the temperature every minute. 6) Record the temperature. Data Collection: At the beginning of the experiment the temperature of the coffee/ hot water was 80.9, but the water started to cool and every minute the temperature was getting lower. 80.9| 79.9| 73.7| 71.7| 65.3| The milk was 19.8 and with every minute it was getting warmer. 19.8| 19.9| 20.1| 20.1| 20.1| So the milk and hot coffee had difference of 61.1 but after mixed together-54.5. Substance:| Temperature(c)as is| Temperature(c)after 1 min| Temperature(c)after 2 min| Temperature(c)After 3 min| Temperature(c)After 4 min| milk| 19.8| 19.9| 20.1| 20.1| 20.1| Hot water| 80.9| 79.9| 73.7| 71.7| 65.3| both mixed together| 53.1| 52.1| 51.0| 51.0| 50.3| Graph: Conclusion and Evaluation: Problems: We used only one metal rod, after hot water we put it into milk ( the rod was hot) and maybe it made a effect to results. Also we use only one thermometer in short time, after hot coffee we measured the temperature of the milk promptly, maybe this can changed results. To solve these problems we should use two metal rods and two thermometers. Make sure you read and follow the checklist!!!!! Design Design| Complete /2| Partial / 1| Not at all /0| Aspect 1 | Define problem and select variables| Formulates a research question and identifies the relevant variables.| Formulates a research question that is incomplete or identifies only some relevant variables.| Does not identify a research question AND does not identify any relevant variables.| Marking Checklist: Research Question (RQ) or Aim clearly stated| | RQ/Aim includes Independent Variable (IV)and Dependent Variable (DV)| | IV correctly identified with units/ range| | DV correctly identified with units| | Prediction is quantitative| | A sketch graph is included, with explanation| | Prediction is explained using scientific theory| | Design| Complete /2| Partial / 1| Not at all /0| Aspect 2 | Controlling variables| Designs a method for the effective control of the variables..| Designs a method that makes some attempt to control the variables.| Designs a method that does not control the variables.| Marking Checklist Method to manipulate IV, including specific details of range or increments| | Method for recording results, including units| | Diagram of equipment or experimental set-up | | Controlled variables presented as a table: * List all variables to be controlledFor each variable: | | How could it impact the results?| | Exactly how will it be controlled?| | Design| Complete /2| Partial / 1| Not at all /0| Aspect 3| Developing a method for the collection of data| Develops a method that allows for the collection of sufficient, relevant data| Develops a method that allows for the collection of insufficient, relevant data| Develops a method that does not allow for any relevant data to be collected| Marking Checklist: How will your results be presented?| | Does your plan address the research question?| | Do you have a minimum of 5 different values for the independent variable?| | Do you have sufficient repeats at each value to ensure reliability?| | Is your method clearly presented and can it be easily followed by others?| | Have you addressed safety?| | Data Collection and Processing DCP| Complete /2| Partial / 1| Not at all /0| Aspect 1| Recording raw data | Records appropriate data including units.| Records appropriate data but with some mistakes or omissions. | Does not record any appropriate raw data OR raw data is incomprehensible.| Marking Checklist: Raw data clearly distinguished from processed data (possibly separate table)| | Units of IV and DV present and correct| | All data are recorded correctly and honestly| | Decimal points consistent throughout| | Decimal points consistent with precision of the measuring equipment| | DCP| Complete /2| Partial / 1| Not at all /0| Aspect 2| Processing raw data | Processes the raw data correctly.| Processes raw data, but with some mistakes and/ or omissions.| No processing of raw data is carried out OR major mistakes are made in processing.| Marking Checklist Calculations to determine DV carried out, if necessary | | Calculations address RQ| | Mathematics correctly applied| | Worked example calculations given| | Processed data (and decimal places) consistent with precision of recorded data| | Data Collection and Processing| Complete /2| Partial / 1| Not at all /0| Aspect 3| Presenting processed data| Presents processed data appropriately| Presents processed data appropriately but with some mistakes or omissions| Presents processed data inappropriately or incomprehensibly| Marking Checklist: Does your graph have an informative title?| | Is it an appropriate size with suitable scales?| | Are the axes labeled with S.I./metric units?| | Are all the points accurately plotted?| | Does it have a suitable line of best fit?| | Conclusion and evaluation CE| Complete /2| Partial / 1| Not at all /0| Aspect 1| Concluding| States a conclusion, with justification, based on a reasonable interpretation of the data| States a conclusion based on a reasonable interpretation of the data| States no conclusion or the conclusion is based on an unreasonable interpretation of the data| Marking Checklist: Have you stated the patterns or trends in your data with reference to your graph?| | Have you offered a scientific explanation of your results?| | Comparisons, if appropriate, are made | | Data related to prediction or RQ – to what extent to they agree/ disagree?| | Appropriate language used â€Å"Supports my prediction† (not ‘proves’ or ‘is correct’)| | Suggestions for further investigation stated| | CE| Complete /2| Partial / 1| Not at all /0| Aspect 2| Evaluating procedures| Evaluates weaknesses and limitations.| Identifies some weaknesses and limitations, but the evaluation is weak or missing.| Identifies irrelevant weaknesses and limitations.| Marking Checklist: Analysis of reliability of results:| | Are data sufficient to address the RQ? | | Was the range of the IV appropriate?| | Identify & Explain anomalous data points| | Refer to data| | Some attempt to evaluate measurement/ instrument errors, systematic error problems with the method) in terms of:| | Possible effect on data| | The validity of the conclusion| | Time management or human error may be mentioned, though these are not scientific errors – they should be eliminated with good practical skills. The focus here should be on the investigation. List your errors and limitations in order; state the most significant error or limitation first! CE| Complete /2| Partial / 1| Not at all /0| Aspect 3| Improving the investigation| Suggests realistic improvements in respect of identified weaknesses and limitations.| Suggests only superficial improvements.| Suggests unrealistic improvements.| Marking Checklist: For each weakness or limitation mentioned above, how could improved experimental design remove or reduce the effect of the error in terms of:| | Techniques used to collect and record data| | Design of the investigation, including range of values chosen and repeats of each IV data point| | Realistic, specific and achievable improvements| |

Watch for Visually Distracting Phrases

Watch for Visually Distracting Phrases Watch for Visually Distracting Phrases Watch for Visually Distracting Phrases By Mark Nichol Writers (and readers) face many perils faulty grammar, mangled syntax, and misplaced, missing, or extraneous punctuation among them but there’s one form of distraction writers might more easily overlook: Visually (and/or acoustically) distracting groups of words that, for one of three reasons, create obstacles to clear reading. One type of obstruction is repetition of sounds, either alliterative or assonant. Alliteration, the use of several words in sequence or within a sentence that start with the same sound, can be an effective technique, especially in poetry or just for fun (I use it often), but when it’s inadvertent (and sometimes when it’s deliberate), it just gets in the way. In the following sentence, for example, three of the first five words start with the letter r: â€Å"In regard to residents’ reviews, those who lived in the city where a restaurant is located tended to give the restaurant lower ratings than tourists did.† â€Å"In regard to† is clunky, and the sentence could begin simply with however instead of the alliterative introductory phrase. Another solution is to scatter the alliterative words, as in the revision from â€Å"These individuals often present complex clinical-care needs† to â€Å"These individuals often present complex needs for clinical care.† A similar potential obstruction is assonance, the repetition of vowel sounds within or at the end of a word. For example, three of the first four words in the introductory phrase in â€Å"Due to their redo being late, I didn’t get a chance to evaluate it† end in the -oo sound. (Read the phrase quickly three times without a pause and tell me it doesn’t sound like the first notes of a classic circus and carnival tune.) â€Å"Due to† is awkward under any circumstances (except in usage such as â€Å"The ceremony is due to begin soon†); use because instead. Another distraction is the proximal use of two or more words with the same or similar letter sequences but different pronunciations, as in â€Å"There were some elements that weren’t thought through enough.† This unfortunate pileup requires more extensive revision one possibility is â€Å"They didn’t sufficiently think some elements through.† Yet another problematic construction is one that inadvertently places two antonyms together, as in â€Å"Check your manuscript’s structure to make sure it doesn’t topple over under reader scrutiny,† where the words over and under are uncomfortably close. In this case, over can be deleted, or replace â€Å"topple over† with a synonym like collapse. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Contronyms (Words with Contradictory Meanings)45 Synonyms for â€Å"Old† and â€Å"Old-Fashioned†Each vs. Both

Hopes Up High Professor Ramos Blog

Hopes Up High What stops someone from really striving for their dreams like becoming an astronaut or rockstar? Often it can be those that are the closest to us that do not want us to get hurt if we stumble and fail in the pursuit of them. In the song â€Å"All I want† by A Day to Remember the band explores this topic and what it means to have a place to call your own. The band has a mix of punk and metalcore genres and uses that to their advantage to speak on things most will often avoid. The band has been together for fifteen years, has had multiple songs at number one, in their respective category, has two gold-selling albums and singles, selling out entire continental tours this band has been around the block (ADTR). In this particular song, the lyrics play on the idea of what it means to say what one wants and what needs to be done to get there. The music video is just as interesting as it brings in an assortment of well-known and established bands to further get the idea across of what it is that they are saying. The band also holds an almost yearly rock concert titled â€Å"Self-Help† which often has performers leaving audiences with ideas of bettering oneself and ignoring what the world will say. While not a new band A Day to Remember has many songs that people can find easily relatable to. The first verse of the song jumps straight into the idea of someone not willing to keep their voice down and speak out. Which really has no specific audience as there are many people who often feel that what they have to say does not matter to those that are listening. Sherman argues that there are 3 reasons for someone would feel that their voice cannot or will not be heard, the first being they really just do not understand what is being spoken to them, second the listener does not want to understand, and third being the speaker thinks that the listener will not understand what is being said. When the lyric, â€Å"Im always screaming my lungs out til my head starts spinning† one can assume that pathos is at work drawing a potential response from the audience of relatability, that everyone often feels like they are not being heard. Pathos in this instance referring to the speaker’s ability to feel something or invoke some sort of emotional response from the audience. At some point in life, there are going to be times that when one’s opinion can be disregarded completely and the band combats this with the suggestion to scream it out till sickness ensues. â€Å"Won’t keep my voice down†¦ words I speak are the words I think out loud† are the following lines that apply to the band’s ethos. The ethos being a source of values such as credibility, trustworthiness or in this case character. Showing the point of view the band holds, thinking the same things that they are speaking, not holding some sort of double-sided meaning to everything they say. â€Å"I like to keep things honest I’m a safe bet like your life’s staked on it†¦ I’m constant like the seasons I will never be forgotten† are the next lines that follow, all the previous quotes were part of the same stanza or verse. Applying to both pathos and ethos in these lines, pathos in the sense that the band is showing their values and linking them with the audiences by using a simile. The band uses ethos in an attempt to establish credibility that they do not easily change their minds like the seasons a character trait of someone steadfast in their beliefs. With the beginning of the chorus â€Å"All I want is a place to call my own, to mend the hearts of everyone who feels alone† appealing the audience’s pathos of pity and self-interest. According to Fikes, â€Å"three-fourths of Americans experience moderate to high levels of loneliness† feeling alone is a very common issue that one will experience in their life and as stated in the article the chances are high. The following verse â€Å"Keep your hopes up high and your head down low† give the audience ethos in the respect that they are understanding of their problems and should ignore the naysayers and be ever hoping for the best. The rest of the lyrics have the same message of leaving no words unspoken and to live life with no regrets regardless of the world’s doubts and harsh words. Silverstein The music video only adds to the message of the song, strengthening it and making the song really stand out. Testimonials are a strong resource and that, â€Å"power of persuasion comes from the person selected to be the authority† (Gourley). Where ethos comes into play, more specifically testimonials are in the entirety of the music video as it features a multitude of well-established and well-known bands all singing the same words rocking out with the rest of the band. The plethora of artist that are shown singing are not doing so grudgingly but with enthusiasm, as it helps to engage the audience and makes it more motivational (Why Speak 17). If someone was speaking in a monotone way or with little to no emotions it makes it hard to relate or want to understand what is being spoken, so when various well-known bands are all singing the same thing it adds to their credibility and overall message of the song. The influence of celebrities is immense and very useful for selling various things sometimes without even uttering a word. While in the case of this video it is used in a positive manner, the celebrity power remains, â€Å"Studies have concluded that customers are more likely to choose goods and services endorsed by celebrities than those that are not† (Schiering). The entire video is also annotated with animated texts and drawings that emphasize key phrases that audiences can identify with making the words seem more relatable as they are in plain view and easier to focus on. A song that talks about not listening to doubts and striving for one’s dreams are emphasized by the various artist singing how even successful people have felt oppressed at some point in their life but still managed to achieve great success. At the end of the day, there is no one else but oneself so keeping a low head and hopes up high is the best thing that someone could ask for. A Day To Remember tackles this topic using different forms of rhetoric such as pathos, things like emotion, and ethos, such as credibility and values. Their song is full of concepts that audiences that have felt oppression or alone at some point in their life can relate to in one way or another and is what arguably makes them so successful. The world is full of people that will wish for the downfall of others and will say harsh things but those that can keep striving for what they desire are the ones who will achieve it. The music video shows popular bands singing the same message so one can assume they have felt the same way or believe the things that they are singing, tying the whole song together. When the world is tearing one down all said person can do is keep their head down drowning out the doubts and keep striving for greatness. Work Cited A Day To Remeber â€Å"A Day To Remember All I Want (Official Video).† YouTube, Victory Records, 30 Sept. 2011, youtube.com/watch?v=Pn-6eOxnEMI. â€Å"A Day To Remember.† Facebook, ADTR, 18 Sept. 2018, www.facebook.com/adtr. Fikes, Bradley J. â€Å"3 Out of 4 Americans Are Lonely, Study Says.† Phys.org, Phys.org, 20 Dec. 2018, phys.org/news/2018-12-americans-lonely.html. Gourley, Catherine. â€Å"How Advertisers Persuade.† Writing, vol. 22, no. 1, Sept. 1999, p. 6. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=2761897site=ehost-live. Schiering, Matt. â€Å"Red Carpet BRANDING.† Brandweek, vol. 44, no. 33, Sept. 2003, p. 28. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=10920906site=ehost-live. â€Å"Why Speak with Enthusiasm?† Watchtower ONLINE LIBRARY, wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/101972644.

Mexico and United States Foreign Policy Relations

Mexico and United States Foreign Policy Relations Mexico was originally the site of various Amerindian civilizations such as the Mayas and the Aztecs. The country was later invaded by Spain in 1519 which led to a prolonged colonial period that would last until the 19th century when the country finally gained its independence at the end of the war of independence. Mexican-American War The conflict was sparked when the U.S. annexed Texas and the Mexican government refused to recognize the secession of Texas which was the precursor to the annexation. The war, which began in 1846 and lasted for 2 years, was settled via the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which led to Mexico giving up even more of its land to the US, including California. Mexico further transferred some of its territories (southern Arizona and New Mexico) to the U.S. via the Gadsden Purchase in 1854. 1910 Revolution Lasting for 7 years, the 1910 revolution ended the rule of the dictator president Porfirio Diaz. The war was sparked when the U.S.-supported Diaz was proclaimed the winner of the 1910 elections despite mass popular support for his rival in the election Francisco Madero. After the war, the various groups that made up the revolutionary forces splintered as they lost the unifying goal of unseating Diaz - leading to a civil war. The U.S. intervened in the conflict including the involvement of the U.S. ambassador in the plotting of the 1913 coup dà ©tat which overthrew Madero. Immigration A major issue of contention between both countries is that of immigration from Mexico to the U.S. The September 11th attacks increased the fear of terrorists crossing over from Mexico leading to a tightening of immigration restrictions including a U.S. Senate bill, heavily criticized in Mexico, supporting the construction of a fence along the Mexican-American border. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) NAFTA led to the elimination of tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico and the U.S. and serves as a multilateral platform for cooperation between both countries. The agreement increased trade volume and cooperation in both countries. NAFTA has come under attack from Mexican and American farmers and the political left claiming that it hurts the interest of local small farmers in both the U.S. and Mexico. Balance In Latin American politics, Mexico has acted as a counterweight to the policies of the new populist left characterized by Venezuela and Bolivia. This led to charges from some in Latin America that Mexico is blindly following U.S. commands. The biggest disagreements between the left and current Mexican leadership is whether to enlarge American-led trade regimes, which has been Mexicos traditional approach, versus a more regional approach favoring Latin American cooperation and empowerment.

Invisible Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Invisible Cities - Essay Example In time, however, Khan realizes that the nonexistent places the traveler speaks of describe, bit by bit, his town of Venice (Calvino et al, 28). The City of Zobeide On a personal note, the most captivatingly described the city in the book is Zobeide. The city of Zobide was the most captivating. Unlike in the description of other cities, Marco Polo not only explains the physical outlay of Zobeide but also tells of its origins. He does so in an imaginative and poetic manner that adds some charisma to the city. The description of Marco Polo concerning the foundation of the city is intriguing. The city was founded by men of different backgrounds who had an identical dream. He explains that each of the men dreamt of a woman running at night in the streets of a city. The woman was naked with long hair and each man desired to have an encounter with her. Every man would chase her through the city’s alleys but would ultimately lose her. When they awoke, the men resolved to travel in se arch of the city in their vision, but never found it. They, however, found each other and decided to build a city similar to the one in the dream. In designing the city’s streets, they arranged the spaces, alleys and walls in a different manner from the dream in order to trap the woman efficiently, and so Zobeide came to be. They settled in it, waiting for the woman to appear in the night, which never happened. Other men arrived into the city, having had the dream of the naked woman and recognized some features in Zobeide that resembled the city of their dreams. For this reason, the arcades and staircases were changed to resemble the woman’s path so as to build her a better trap. The first man, however, could not understand why the rest were drawn to the city as in his eyes, it was ugly (Calvino et al, 157). What is revoking about the description, though, is the fact that it portrays no realistic way of living. It has no real culture, economics or politics. In the narr ation, we are clearly told of the men’s goal and the actions they took towards them; but as for details of how they achieved such, the author keeps us in the dark. The many livelihoods, the governance and interpersonal relations are missed out; components vital in the narration of a city. The narration about the city of Zobeide evokes a feeling of pity from readers towards its occupants. It is sorrowful to read of the trouble the men undergo under the mental imprisonment by the woman in their dream. Additionally, after travelling far and wide, constructing a city and reconstructing it, the men end up disappointed since she never shows up. They are forced to carry on without what seems to be their uttermost desire in life (De, 137). The use of symbolism in the narrative is intriguing. The woman figuratively represents the desire which inspired the creation of Venice. The name Zobeide is also used in another book called Arabian Nights as the name of Caliph Harun al Rashidâ€⠄¢s wife. The woman is used in many works of art to represent desire; which eventually is the building force of societies and history, when bound up with the right amount of power and creativity. The building and rebuilding of Zobeide, as described by Italo, is a metaphor to illustrate human past of semiotic development. Desire provides the desire, then a drive, which produces the impulse to achieve a goal. In spite of the woman being the core reason for the city’

Aircraft wing design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aircraft wing design - Assignment Example Aircraft wing plays a vital role in its final operation and as such incorporates a number of fundamental design considerations. According to Kundu et al. (2003, p.241).   it literally impossible for one to design an aircraft part without comprehensively understanding the role of that part in the aircraft and the fundamental theories that accompany its design. In this paper, a detailed plan for design of an aircraft wing is described on that basis, an aircraft wing model proposed. Design considerations Various design considerations are put into consideration when designing an aircraft wing. these are below:The author states that the wing span is crucial in design. Basically, this is constrained by the size of the hangar, as well as the ground facilities. However, such must be based on the structural dynamic constraints. Measures must be the put in place to minimize the induced direct drag. Consideration is also taken not to raise the wing’s structural weight in a manner that extremely increases the savings on induced drag. the area of the wing, just like is the case in selecting the span considers various aspects include the drag constraint, speed of stalling and field length, as well as the volume of fuel. despite the fact that in some instances these factors allow for creation of small wings, the size of the wing in this case is increased in order to obtain a reasonably appropriate CL on basis of the pre-defined flight conditions (Moir & Seabridge, 2007; Raymer, 2008, p. 67).

Children Need to Play, Not Compete by Jessica Statsky Essay

Children Need to Play, Not Compete by Jessica Statsky - Essay Example Future promising sportsmen are lost in this way. The process of selection for competitions also leads children to lose their confidence. They may begin to underestimate themselves if they are not selected and never feel an urge to participate. It is not good for children to win and lose like adults. There is a general tendency to apply adult principles to children’s activities. The parents and coaches seem to be more interested in competition rather than sport, and often make it a prestige issue. On the whole, the writer concludes that competitive sports are not suitable for children. Yong children ‘deserve sports programs designed specifically for their needs and abilities,† states Jessica Stasky. According to Jessica Stasky â€Å"†¦organized sports for children have increased dramatically in the U.S.† it must be noted that adults organize sports events for children, just as bull-fights and cock-fights were organized in ancient times by human beings to satisfy their pleasure instincts. Nobody gives a thought to the opinions or willingness of the children who are forced to participate. It is parents who make a prestige issue of winning and losing in sports, as they do in academics. â€Å"Too many adults have won as the only goal. Even though they may deny it verbally, their behaviour reflects a winning-is-everything attitude. ( Martens R. 1978). Children are more interested in participation and fun without any kind of pressure of competition. Nobody will agree that the delicate and developing bodies of children should be subjected to risk of injury. On the contrary, they need safety and protection. Fred Engh reported that â€Å"†¦he had witnessed much uglines s in children’s sports. He attributed this to vicarious parents who will stop at nothing to push their child unmercifully to be a star athlete and will cheat, bend the rules and even risk the safety of children.†(In Humphrey and Deborah 2002)  

Improving a Maintenance Management System and the Productivity for Essay

Improving a Maintenance Management System and the Productivity for Safaniya Onshore Plants - Essay Example An integrated system of maintenance is achieved when the maintenance policy and objectives are established as a foundational component. It is very important to define the quality of maintenance management systems by having the full details for all covered stages of the industry. Retaining high quality of maintenance reflects the reliability of equipment and will generate a positive impact on the level and the efficiency of production. Maintenance activities of any industry need to be planned and organized under a systemic framework; this will ultimately result in the development of the appropriate strategy for the maintenance system, harnessing the maintenance effort to the appropriate places. The process of maintenance should be managed for many reasons. These include: keeping continuous updates, increasing life assets, reducing long term costs, meeting a competitive challenge, and helping address and control deterioration before it occurs. As is well known, the petroleum sector is one of the most important revenue sources for Arabian Gulf Countries. There are many companies working under this sector in the Arabian Gulf and we will focus on one of them in our project. Saudi Aramco is a global petroleum company that is in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1988. Saudi Aramco is the world leader in the production and exportation of oil. It is also considered the largest natural gas liquids exporter and a major producer of this natural gas. Safaniya Onshore Plants are considered one of the largest Aramco Company plants on the Arabian Gulf Sea. Safaniya producing division consists of five plants SGOSP-1, A/H Desalters, Utility, ZWCH (A/M) and Gas Compression Plant. Safaniya A/H facilities are designed to produce 1200 MBCD at 30% water cut with salt content less than 10 PTB. Safaniya A/M facilities are designed to produce 1200 MBCD at 10% water cut with salt content less than 10 PTB. Safaniya gas compression plant consists of two major sections -- offshore and

Research week9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research week9 - Essay Example Although initially case study was my mode of selection because of the in-depth analysis of the variables however now that I review my work I think Narrative inquiry would be a lot more appropriate. By utilizing interviews and reviews as means of data gathering it will enable me to gain information directly from the participants in order to carry out my research effectively. Research Design: a. Role of Researcher. One of the biases which might affect my research is that of my own personal belief that juvenile boys are more likely to commit crimes than girls. This might result in a selection bias, that is, I might unconsciously be more inclined to pick male participants for the study. As far as my personal interest is concerned the topic of juvenile crime fascinates me. The notion that the values that we acquire from our interactions and social environment shape who we are is one that I firmly believe in. If our interactions are positive and encouraging we grow into responsible adults, at least that is what the general consensus is. However my experience suggests otherwise. There are so many adolescents that are given all sorts of facilities and encouragement yet they turn towards a life of crime. This is why I chose to study the aspect of juvenile crime and how it is affected by the social environment. b. Sample Size. Alpha = .05 Power = .80 Estimated Effect Size = .10 Conducting â€Å"Analysis of Variance† because you would be comparing more than two groups K = 3 [domestic violence, peer pressure and substance abuse]). Sample size needed: You would need 30 participants in EACH group, for a grand total of 90 participants; adding in a â€Å"buffer† for possible attrition. That makes approximately 10% attrition from pre to post assessment, adding an additional 9 participants (90 * .10 = 9). That is a grand total of N = 99 (with 33 in each group) (Dr. Burkholder, Study notes). c. Sample and Context. Under 18 boys and girls with a juvenile record, who are primarily high school students and belong to the American culture. d. Sampling Procedure. The method of non probability sampling I believe will be most appropriate for carrying out my research. In fact to be even specific purposive sampling technique which aids exploratory research and encompasses obtaining data from specific individuals, in case of my investigation this would be juveniles. This will ensure internal validity of the study as the chosen sample will be a certain fraction of the population. e. Data Type and Collection: With the help of self report surveys, questionnaire or poll participants will select a response by themselves without researcher interference. With the use of open questions as well as a Likert rating scale will provide in depth data that will facilitate data gathering for the research. f. Data Analysis: The technique that will be used to analyze the data will be that of content analysis. Ole Holsti  (1969) offers a broad definition of content analy sis as "any technique for making inferences by objectively and systematically identifying specified characteristics of messages. It basically looks at "Who says what, to whom, why, to what extent and with what effect?"   g. Ethical Protection of Participants. : I will carry out a qualitative study which will observe, explore and understand the meaning of groups ascribe to a problem (Creswell, 2009). Although initially case study was my mode of selection because of the in-depth analysis of the variables however now that I review my work I think Narrative inquiry would

General motors project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

General motors project - Research Paper Example Each of these segments is charged with organizing their designated world regions in sales, production, marketing, and development of products. Major factors that have been initiated by well performing companies such as Coca-Cola and Toyota include training of the employees, effective organizational structure, annual bonuses and gifts among others. In this regard, General Motors has emulated similar motivation strategies in order to be at par with its rivals both in the local and international market. The current business environment takes the tendency of globalization. Most business organization enacts the policy of diversity in their human resource management. The purpose of this is to make competitive, and ensure that they attract the market brought about by the diversity in its work force (Certo, 2000). For example it is essential for a marketing firm appealing to the Chinese market, to have a Chinese in its sales team. This is a report on the recommended ethical practices in an o rganization, and how to manage diversity in the team. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 3 2.0 ACTION PLANS 4 3.0 SWOT ANALYSIS 25 Memo to HR Management 28 Instructors Feedback Section 31 M1A1 - 31 References 32 2.0 ACTION PLANS 2.1 General Motors as a learning organization A learning organization is a term for an organization that implements learning for its members for its continued transformation. These organizations develop from the need to face the pressures surrounding them by enabling them to compete in a business environment (Marquardt, 2011). Sequentially, a learning organization has five concepts that govern the attainment of transformation. One, there is the system thinking in which the organization views itself as one body with different organs that make up its overall appearance. Secondly, personal mastery makes the next feature in a learning organization where an individual commits him or herself to the learning process. In addition, mental models and shared vision become the third and fourth parts of the process respectively. The former are the personal assumptions within an individual about the company while the latter is the common goal shared by all members of staff9 (Sessa & London, 2006). Lastly, the team learning aspect becomes the fifth key pillar in this organization that is mainly the collective pooling of individually learnt aspects drawn from other members of staff (Marquardt, 2011). Objectively, this paper will give the name of a company in which transformation will aim at by including the intended broad principles. Further, it will include recommendations to the chosen learning organization that may include motivation, team management, culture, ethics, and empowerment. The learning organization chosen would be General Motors Corporation. 2.1.1 Brief overview of General Motors General Motors is a name commonly associated to remarkable car brands in the world. Arguably, GM is the leading multi- state car manufactu rer with its headquarters in Detroit, Michigan in the United States. Globally, it has establishments in a hundred and fifty seven countries spread across several continents. It has over two hundred thousand employees under its wing by either employing them directly or indirectly. GM has four regional clutters namely, GM South America, GM Europe, GM North America, lastly GM International Operations. Each of these segments is charged with

Research week9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research week9 - Essay Example Although initially case study was my mode of selection because of the in-depth analysis of the variables however now that I review my work I think Narrative inquiry would be a lot more appropriate. By utilizing interviews and reviews as means of data gathering it will enable me to gain information directly from the participants in order to carry out my research effectively. Research Design: a. Role of Researcher. One of the biases which might affect my research is that of my own personal belief that juvenile boys are more likely to commit crimes than girls. This might result in a selection bias, that is, I might unconsciously be more inclined to pick male participants for the study. As far as my personal interest is concerned the topic of juvenile crime fascinates me. The notion that the values that we acquire from our interactions and social environment shape who we are is one that I firmly believe in. If our interactions are positive and encouraging we grow into responsible adults, at least that is what the general consensus is. However my experience suggests otherwise. There are so many adolescents that are given all sorts of facilities and encouragement yet they turn towards a life of crime. This is why I chose to study the aspect of juvenile crime and how it is affected by the social environment. b. Sample Size. Alpha = .05 Power = .80 Estimated Effect Size = .10 Conducting â€Å"Analysis of Variance† because you would be comparing more than two groups K = 3 [domestic violence, peer pressure and substance abuse]). Sample size needed: You would need 30 participants in EACH group, for a grand total of 90 participants; adding in a â€Å"buffer† for possible attrition. That makes approximately 10% attrition from pre to post assessment, adding an additional 9 participants (90 * .10 = 9). That is a grand total of N = 99 (with 33 in each group) (Dr. Burkholder, Study notes). c. Sample and Context. Under 18 boys and girls with a juvenile record, who are primarily high school students and belong to the American culture. d. Sampling Procedure. The method of non probability sampling I believe will be most appropriate for carrying out my research. In fact to be even specific purposive sampling technique which aids exploratory research and encompasses obtaining data from specific individuals, in case of my investigation this would be juveniles. This will ensure internal validity of the study as the chosen sample will be a certain fraction of the population. e. Data Type and Collection: With the help of self report surveys, questionnaire or poll participants will select a response by themselves without researcher interference. With the use of open questions as well as a Likert rating scale will provide in depth data that will facilitate data gathering for the research. f. Data Analysis: The technique that will be used to analyze the data will be that of content analysis. Ole Holsti  (1969) offers a broad definition of content analy sis as "any technique for making inferences by objectively and systematically identifying specified characteristics of messages. It basically looks at "Who says what, to whom, why, to what extent and with what effect?"   g. Ethical Protection of Participants. : I will carry out a qualitative study which will observe, explore and understand the meaning of groups ascribe to a problem (Creswell, 2009). Although initially case study was my mode of selection because of the in-depth analysis of the variables however now that I review my work I think Narrative inquiry would

Pearl Harbour Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pearl Harbour Paper - Essay Example During this attack, nearly 2,400 Americans lost their lives. Japanese sources confirmed that they only lost less than 70 service men (Hixson 103). After these attacks, the future of Japan remained on the balance due to possible retaliations by US and its European allies. This essay will investigate the implication of the attacks on America and the Japanese empire. The essay will also investigate how the attack inspired America into joining World War II. Japan had aggressive interests in Asia and therefore it considered America as a major threat. Before the attacks, America had established strong military bases in the pacific off the coast of Japan that were intended to protect American interest in Asia and the pacific. Just before Japan carried out the attacks, the US navy posed a major threat to the Japanese interests on Dutch Indies and Malaya. Japan was intending to invade the two regions due to the availability of natural resources such as oil and rubber. The surprise attacks on the US military bases were therefore, meant to neutralize US power in the pacific and pave way for Japanese advancement. The Japanese decision to carry out the attack was wise and tactical. This is because America was overwhelming Japan with its continued invasion of eastern territories. America had occupied or controlled all territories that were of Japanese interest. These included the Philippines, Dutch Indies and China. The attack was the easiest way that Japan could have applied to divert America’s attention concerning its occupation of Pacific territories. America was exporting oil to Japan before the Japanese decided to attack the Pearl Harbor, this was a tactical method of controlling Japan. America could not conduct a direct occupation of Japan as it had done in other territories. Oil exportation was the only method that the US could have applied to control Japan (Hixson 123). This is evident from most negotiations that were conducted between the two powers. When Jap an intended to invade French Indochina, America threatened Japan with withdrawal of oil export. This indicates that Japan really needed to break away from overdependence on American oil. Japan was also experiencing a massive expansion in its industrial and military sector. The country therefore needed uncontrolled supplies of oil and other raw materials. If Japan had not invaded US installation at the Pearl Harbor, it would never become an energy independent nation. The US stopped exporting oil to Japan in 1941 following Japanese expansions into China that were motivated by the pearl harbor attacks. After the US ceased its oil exports, Japan looked for other alternatives to get its oil supplies and its long journey of becoming an independent nation in terms of energy. Competition over dominance also made the US and Japan to become major rivals. Analysts believe that rivalry between Japan and the US had reached a breaking point even before Japan carried out its attacks on the US faci lities. Japanese provocative moves in China and Philippines had made the US to secretly plan for war against Japan. Although the US was getting ready for war against Japan, they never believed that Japan would have interests in attacking the Pearl Harbor. If Japan had not attacked the Pearl Harbor, the US could have used the facility to carryout offensive on Japanese soil. In such case

John Locke of Poor Reform and Workhouses Essay Example for Free

John Locke of Poor Reform and Workhouses Essay The reading for this week addresses Locke’s understanding of the relationship between the poor and the capable citizens in society. He stated explicitly in his second treatise on government, the importance of work and labor in order to assess a person’s worth. Locke believes that man is not meant to be idle and that the purpose of existence is to live in the image of God and work towards a life of moral bounds and labor upon the earth making it more beneficial to all those who enjoy its benefits. During the century that Locke is writing, about 50-70% of the population is extremely poor. There seemed to be no freedoms unless the institution of waged labor came into question. Waged labor during this time was not much better than being a slave and in many ways is just an extension of slavery. In order to combat the growing problem of the poor in the England cities, Locke proposes the idea of workhouses which would be the equivalent of reform schools. In these institutions, young people of the poor or incapacitated nature would learn tangible skills that they can then use in their homes or that they could use in order to attain a job. Education is very important to Locke because it is one of the main differences between rich/ able bodied and the poor. In my opinion, it is because of the lack of extensive education that the numbers of poor during this century in English history skyrocketed instead of declining as more jobs and resources became available. According to Locke, a major factor in the high numbers of poor is the fact that they are simply idle or lazy and do not want to work hard in order to attain money or land. For some citizens, things of this nature come automatically due to inheritances and things of that nature and presents Locke with a parallel of poor with no means of moving up and the rich with any intent of sharing the wealth and / or knowledge. Rather than poor people, idleness seems to be the root of all evil and the proposal of the English workhouses serve as a remedy to that problem. The sort of public school training that they would provide would give them the opportunity to learn skills that would be used in waged labor so that the poor could be re-entered into society. When referring to the issue of how to address the poor, Locke states that at some point everyone must be trusted to govern themselves and that all able-bodied men are made so by being able to be taught to be good, virtuous, and hard working. Other than spinning and knitting and things of that nature the papers of the purpose, structure, and ends of the development of workhouses does not discuss the formal education of the subjects with regards to curriculum. Because there cannot be accommodations made for any member of society all people should be treated on relatively equal bounds and all should have the opportunity to labor and work in order to combat idleness which is the devil’s playground. I think an important aspect of Locke’s philosophy is the idea that children are property of the public and it is the public’s responsibility to make sure that they have the means to train and educate them so that they will grow up to be able-bodied virtuous citizens. This concept holds true today in that in the United States children are required to go through school until a certain age in order to ensure that they will be able to contribute to society at large.

STAR INVESTIGATION :: essays research papers

Format: Internet Journalism and the Starr Investigation The Starr Investigation was an important time in journalism, because it forced the traditional media to overhaul their ways of presenting news online in order to meet the needs and demands of Internet users. New technology was used in this case to break the news of the scandal, to voice new allegations, and to release in its entirety Starr’s final report of the investigation. This case provided the first detailed look at the differences in character between the Internet and traditional broadcast and print media. The ethical issues in Internet Journalism and the Starr Investigation: 1. Was this a legitimate news story? 2. Intense journalistic competition? â€Å"Journalists of all stripes were chasing the story.† 3. CREDIBILITY of the paper? Reporting Facts that in the end proved false. Editors doubtful of the story’s accuracy? The reliability of the information? 4. The Value of Verification to get the story right? 5. Anonymous Sourcing/ Unidentified Sources - â€Å"Journalists scrambled to confirm the allegations, but often ended up running them with only anonymous sourcing.† 6. Speed, sensation and conjecture over accuracy? CNN's Scott Woelfel says he sensed in the early going that, "there was an attitude of, 'I don't know if we could put this in the paper, but we could put it on the Web site'." 7.News Leakage? Certain sources in the independent counsel’s office were using the press, selectively leaking information to gain tactical advantage with reluctant witnesses like Lewinsky. McManus recalls. â€Å"So there was clearly a lot of leakage.† 8. The breaking of the story. Matt Drudge breaking the story through his online newsletter? - Wire services sent the story worldwide. Cable networks, radio shows, and local television newscasts led with the report. Larry King interrupted his program to read the story live. 9. The story was so explosive that Bill Clinton’s attorney called Nightline and DENIED the story on the air. 10. SHAKY SOURCING? Reports were based around shaky sourcing. - The Dallas Morning News and the Wall Street Journal reported that the president and the intern had been seen together in a compromising situation. - Starr’s staff member called the source to take back the claim because it was FALSE. - Langer told the employees that the News had unwittingly relied on only one source to publish its original story. 11. Timing and public interest 12. Violating the paper’s two-source standard. 13. Miscommunication - Senior editors mistakenly believed that a second source existed because of a â€Å"miscommunication† between Dallas and the Washington bureau.